The editorial board of the journal ‘DICTUM FACTUM’ ensures a transparent, well-founded and impartial procedure for the retraction of published articles in the event of violations of academic integrity or significant errors that affect the scientific value of the publication. The procedure complies with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics and international practice in academic publishing.

The retraction process may be initiated by the author, a reader or a member of the editorial board.

An article may be retracted in the following cases:

• confirmed instances of plagiarism or self-plagiarism
• fabrication or falsification of data
• serious errors in the research that distort the results
• duplicate publication
• copyright infringement
• unethical authorship by individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship
• the inclusion of co-authors with links to an aggressor state
• significant breaches of publication ethics
• concealed conflicts of interest (or other breaches of publication ethics)

When considering the withdrawal of an article, the editorial board of the journal ‘DICTUM FACTUM’:

• verifies the information received
• may consult independent experts
• requests an explanation from the author(s)
• adheres to the principles of objectivity, confidentiality and impartiality.

Upon completion of the procedure, the article is not deleted but is marked as retracted with the corresponding label ‘Retracted’ and the date of retraction. A separate notice of retraction is published.