ПРОБЛЕМИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО ДОГЛЯДУ ТА ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ Й РОЗВИТКУ СІМЕЙНИХ ФОРМ ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problems of institutional care and upbringing of children, development of family forms of education for orphans and children deprived of parental care in order to ensure the best interests of the child and his well-being. The author notes that almost every sphere of a child's life needs special attention, legislative regulation and state control over the observance of children's rights. In addition, the rights of the child as a separate category of human rights need to be enshrined in law, taking into account the need for special treatment of the child by the state and society, taking into account physiological and psychological characteristics, needs and interests of the child. It is noted that in 1991 Ukraine ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is a fundamental international document that defines the main vectors of the state's work in the field of child protection. Having ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Ukraine has undertaken the obligations set out, in particular, in Article 3: or the legislature, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. However, the actual active application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Ukraine began only after 2004. Thus, in 2004 a new Family Code of Ukraine came into force, which defined: strengthening the family as a social institution and as a union of individuals; affirming a sense of duty to parents, children and other family members; building family relationships on a parity basis, on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance and support; providing each child with family upbringing, opportunities for spiritual and physical development.

Given Art. 5 of the Family Code of Ukraine, which stipulates that the State protects the family, childhood, motherhood, fatherhood, creates conditions for strengthening the family. The state creates conditions for motherhood and fatherhood, ensures the protection of the rights of mother and father, materially and morally encourages and supports motherhood and fatherhood. The state ensures the priority of family upbringing of the child. The state takes under its protection every orphan and child deprived of parental care.

It is obvious that the direction of the state in protecting the rights and interests of children was changed and instead of improving the functioning of orphanages and boarding schools, the law provided for the creation of family forms of education for orphans and children deprived of parental care as an alternative to boarding schools.

Thus, the author sees that since independence, Ukraine has changed its state policy in the field of protection of children's rights, recognizing family forms of education for orphans and children deprived of parental care more favorable for the proper upbringing and development of the child. However, the inconsistency of state actions in this area to create legislation, the necessary coordination between the legislative and executive branches of government, lack of educational work among society, etc. leads to slow changes in the system of placement, education, socialization of orphans and children deprived of parental care. a comprehensive approach is needed in various spheres of state activity with the use of interdepartmental coordination of various fields, especially the activities of psychologists, teachers, social workers, doctors, employees of children's services, etc.