ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ТЕОРІЇ ДЕТЕРМІНАЦІЇ ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ ПРОФЕСОРА ЧЕЗАРЕ ЛОМБРОЗО

Abstract

In the article on the basis of the analysis of historical documents, publications of scientific periodicals some actual aspects of evolution of the theory of determination of crime of professor Cesare Lombroso are investigated. In particular, the dependence of deviant, aggressive behavior of a person on his biological characteristics, heredity is considered. The ideas and theories of the XIX century, which explained these processes, are studied, parallels are drawn with modern views of criminological science on the relationship of these phenomena.

Scientific theories used by modern criminology explain quite complex social and legal phenomena. Some of the theoretical ideas that emerged a hundred years ago to explain the genesis of validity are still controversial. One such theory is Professor Cesare Lombroso's biological theory of crime determination. Professor Lombroso's ideas have been ambiguously accepted by the scientific community since its publication and have been divided into two groups, one claiming that Lombroso's theories have a scientific basis and the right to exist, while others still do not accept ideas as true and deny their scientificity. Professor Lombroso is considered the founder of the anthropological school of criminology. He became world-famous as the creator of one of the key and at the same time the most debatable and controversial theories of crime determination. Professor Lombroso's scientific work has been criticized for exaggerating the biological component in human nature, but downplaying the role of social, ignoring other causes of crime.

Critics did not stop, despite the fact that Professor Lombroso was one of the first in world criminology to consider a holistic system of factors that determine crime: welfare, upbringing and education, attitudes, marital status, age, gender, migration, alcoholism, prices on food, the impact of urban and rural areas, population congestion, the impact of the seasons and even the landscape. In the last 20-30 years, specialists in the field of biology, genetics, behavior have conducted numerous studies confirming the dependence of deviant behavior, aggression on the biological characteristics of the person, heredity. And law enforcement officers confirm that they have repeatedly encountered the external signs of criminals, which were pointed out by Professor Lombroso.