КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНІ ТА ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ОБРОБКИ БІОМЕТРИЧНИХ ДАНИХ ЛЮДИНИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДАКТИЛОСКОПІЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ

Abstract

Based on the analysis of the current legislation and special literature, the article defines the essence of legal regulation of the use of biometric databases in Ukraine, the forms of using biometric databases. The authors analyzed the methods of detecting fingerprints and determined the conditions under which this or that method is used, determined the directions for improving the use of biometric data in the investigation of crimes. Attention is focused on the fact that the effectiveness of traces detection depends on the choice of methods and the sequence of their application, which should be based on the principle: each previous method should not be an obstacle to the application of the next one. The issues of identifying and fixing fingerprints are considered, taking into account the qualitative composition of the sweat substance, the nature of the surface of the trace carrier (dry or wet), the age of the trace formation, temperature regime, air humidity, as well as the properties of the surface on which the trace is displayed. It is substantiated that, in addition to these factors, the choice of the method is also influenced by the object of which research in the future the trace may be. It is noted that one of the ways to improve the use of biometric data in the investigation of crimes is the introduction of digital technologies in the collection and accumulation of biometric data, as well as the filling and use of biometric data bases. During the detection, processing and analysis of fingerprints, units of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine use modern forensic tools for detecting, fixing, seizing and examining handprints. The standardization of new devices allows the use of expert conclusions in a qualitatively new level of proof, where the probability of a false conclusion will be reduced exclusively to the human factor.

The article defines the essence and significance of information and analytical support for the management of biometric databases of units of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.